Lung sounds, or breath sounds – the sounds generated by movement or air through the respiratory system, can be classified as either normal or abnormal (adventitious). As a Nurse Practitioner, you’ll be exposed to many lung sounds. It’s important to know how to differentiate between the sounds and know what they may indicate during a […]

  The mnemonic “DIAPPERS” can be helpful in remembering the categories of “transient” urinary incontinence. Delirium– When delirium is present, it impedes the recognition of both the need to void and the location of the nearest toilet. Incontinence is common among hospitalized patients with delirium; once it clears, incontinence usually resolves. Infection– Symptomatic urinary tract […]

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a spasm or occlusion of the coronary arteries and is often the result of atherosclerotic lesions that limit the flow of blood to the heart. There are many risk factors that contribute to the development of CAD including advanced age, diabetes, male gender (under 60 years of age), hypertension, dyslipidemia, […]